#7
Inspired Python
def withdraw_money(customer, amount):
    assert customer['balance'] >= amount, \
        f'Balance too low; cannot withdraw {amount}'
    customer['balance'] -= amount
    return customer['balance']

>>> withdraw_money({"balance": 100.0}, amount=150)
AssertionError: Balance too low; cannot withdraw 150
# And again, this time by running `python -O` to enable optimizations
>>> withdraw_money({"balance": 100.0}, amount=150)
-50.0

Python Anti-Patterns: Confusing Assertions with Exceptions


The assert statement is there to check for system invariants and not for validating your business logic. Assertion checks are disabled if you enable the optimizer in Python — so watch out!

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